{"id":5344,"date":"2019-08-09T17:39:36","date_gmt":"2019-08-09T21:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/non-classifiee\/a-hospital-to-serve-an-entire-region-the-hotel-dieu-de-gaspe\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T21:06:00","modified_gmt":"2019-09-17T01:06:00","slug":"a-hospital-to-serve-an-entire-region-the-hotel-dieu-de-gaspe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/en\/culture-2\/a-hospital-to-serve-an-entire-region-the-hotel-dieu-de-gaspe\/","title":{"rendered":"A Hospital to Serve an Entire Region: The H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

When it’s time to travel, some people decide to explore Quebec and the wonderful scenery of its different regions. You don\u2019t need to travel far for an adventure, whether it\u2019s with your significant other, friends, or entire family. Gasp\u00e9sie is always a popular destination because of its various tourist attractions, enchanting views, and beautiful nature, which is perfect for outdoor activities.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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However, the area hasn\u2019t always been so easily accessible. It has only been possible to go around the Gasp\u00e9 peninsula<\/a> since 1929, the year when route 6 (today\u2019s route 132) was completed[1]<\/a>. There were many roads that connected the different villages between them, but if you left Qu\u00e9bec by car, the road only went as far as Matane in 1925. The only other possibilities were a railway that was still lacking, or maritime transportation. The St. Lawrence River was still the simplest way to get to Gasp\u00e9. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

That\u2019s what two Augustinian Sisters from the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec did when they embarked on the S.S. Northland on September 23, 1926, to establish the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9. Their goal: offer hospital care to the inhabitants of the Gasp\u00e9 peninsula, which was then greatly lacking in this respect[2]<\/a>. There was a small hospital in Chandler, founded in 1915, but it couldn\u2019t meet the demands of such a vast territory, on top of having limited accessibility[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Premier
Photograph of the first hospital in Gasp\u00e9, which is also the first monastery. In the background, we see the second hospital. 1930.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,3\/2:22)
<\/a> \u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

Mgr Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross: a bishop serving\nGasp\u00e9sie<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

The Gasp\u00e9 bishop, Mgr Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross, was the one who fought for the establishment of a hospital in Gasp\u00e9. His wish was for Gasp\u00e9 to become a true episcopal city. Although the sisters of Notre-Dame du Saint-Rosaire had already held a school there since 1917, Mgr Ross also brought the Ursuline Sisters over to first open a teacher-training school, before managing a boarding school, as well as a domestic science school. In 1926, the small seminary was completed, and entrusted to the Jesuites[4]<\/a>. The same year, Mgr Ross invited the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec\u2019s Augustinian Sisters to manage a hospital in Gasp\u00e9. It is said that Mgr Ross wished to recreate the founding of Qu\u00e9bec<\/a> by emphasizing the rapid establishment of the Jesuites, Ursulines, and Augustinians in the Gasp\u00e9 peninsula[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Mgr
Bishop Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross, between 1926 et 1945.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,1\/4:4<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Finally, a hospital in Gasp\u00e9!<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Mgr Ross acquired a brick house built by Charles Le Bouthillier 50 years earlier (identical to a house built in 1826 and destroyed by fire in 1865) known as Fort Ram<\/a>s<\/a>ay<\/a>[6]<\/a>, to be used as a hospital. All that was left was ensure the building was put into good hands. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Negotiations had been started with the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec Augustinian Sisters; the superior from the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec and her steward even made the journey to the location in August of 1926 to get a better sense of the magnitude of the task at hand[7]<\/a>. On August 19, 1926, the Gasp\u00e9 bishop submitted an official request for them to accept the mission of founding the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9, which would be under the patronage of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges[8]<\/a>. For him, \u201cthis institution will be developed by being completed with other works of mercy, providing your constitutions allow it and that Providence makes it possible for us.\u201d[9]<\/a> The Augustinian Sisters even suggested erecting a new building, but the summer was already nearing its end. Therefore, they resolved to convert the Fort Ramsay house into a hospital on the lower level, and an adequate cloister on the upper level while awaiting a new building in the spring[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"\"
Fort Ramsay House served as the first hospital and first monastery for the Augustinian Sisters. 1926.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,3\/2:13<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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A difficult first few months<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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On September 15, 1926, Sister Marie-de-l\u2019Incarnation (Marie-Louise Cantin) was elected first superior and founder of the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9. Sister Marie-de-l\u2019Incarnation was conscious of the pressing needs in Gasp\u00e9sie: \u201cNow we will have a hospital for our dear patients, who until now were forced to make difficult journeys to hospitals located two hundred, five hundred, or seven hundred miles away, or resolving to await death patiently in their families, without the care that could have saved them[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Sister Saint-Albert (Amarilda\nGagnon) was chosen as her assistant. The two nuns boarded the boat to Gasp\u00e9 on\nSeptember 23, where they were welcomed by the Ursulines two days later. They were\nlodged in the Ursulines\u2019 monastery until November.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

The Augustinian Sisters had to set up their monastery-hospital to be able to welcome their sisters, as well as their first patients. To oversee the work, they crossed the bay daily, using a small rowboat. If the waters weren\u2019t favourable, they had no choice but to go \u201cto a very impractical and primitive landing stage, which isn\u2019t very pleasant. The men on board had to lift them up in their arms for them to be able to put their feet on the dock, which was half-broken.\u201d [12]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"\"
Photograph taken at the departure of the foundresses of Quebec for Gasp\u00e9.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,1\/1:1<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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They were finally joined by four other Augustinian Sisters from the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec, who left their monastery on October 27, 1926: Sister Saint-Norbert (Josephte Belleau), Sister Sainte-Marguerite (Marie F\u00e9lonise St-Pierre), Sister Saint-Michel (Edith Ch\u00e9nard), and Sister Marie-de-l\u2019Assomption (Blandine Bourret). Unlike the first two, the group chose to travel to Gasp\u00e9 by train, joined by Mgr Ross, who had also boarded the boat a few months prior to travel with the two founders[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

The Augustinian Sisters moved into their new\nmonastery on November 25, 1926, after a few weeks of cohabitation with the\nUrsulines. The work was complete, but they weren\u2019t out of the woods yet,\nexperiencing problems with water supply and electricity, among others[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Despite all the problems, they welcomed their\nfirst patient on January 3, 1927, and the first surgery took place two days\nlater. The hospital was equipped with an X-ray machine, sterilizer, operation\ntable and laboratories. After one year in operation, the hospital had already treated\n525 patients. However, the hospital was quite small and only had 20 beds.\nShortly after arriving in Gasp\u00e9sie, it was already time to upgrade. In 1930, a\nnew location was inaugurated, allowing them to increase the hospital capacity\nto 75 beds. The Fort Ramsay house would now serve exclusively as a monastery\nfor the Augustinian Sisters[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Groupe
Photograph of Sister Sainte-Marguerite (F\u00e9lonise St-Pierre), Sister Saint-Michel (\u00c9dith Ch\u00e9nard), Sister Saint-Norbert (Josephte Belleau) and Sister Marie-de-l’Assomption (Blandine Bourret). October 1926.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,1\/4:17<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Another expansion and a sanatorium<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

A little over 10 years after the construction\nof the hospital in 1930, there was another need for expansion. The demand was\nblatant, particularly after years of economic crisis. In 1939, the Gasp\u00e9-Sud\ncounty counted 250 patients suffering from tuberculosis, and the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de\nGasp\u00e9 could only dedicate 25 beds to them. The Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 granted\n$50,000 in September 1939 toward the construction of a new wing which would\nhold 75 beds, 50 of which would be dedicated to tuberculosis patients. At the\nsame time, a pediatrics and maternity service were to be added[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Even with an additional wing, treating tuberculosis required additional investments. Before its construction, Mgr Ross had already announced his intention to establish a sanatorium in Gasp\u00e9 to the provincial government, the goal being to focus even more on treating tuberculosis. World War II delayed the project by several years, but in July 1945, the Gasp\u00e9 bishop obtained approval from provincial authorities to build the sanatorium, shortly before his death. It finally opened its doors in 1950, under the name of Sanatorium Ross. Perched atop Mont Albert, it could welcome 400 patients from all around Gasp\u00e9sie and the \u00celes de la Madeleine. There, too, the Augustinian Sisters devoted themselves body and soul to caring for the sick, helped by the St-Augustine Hospitallers, and then the Sisters of Saint Anne[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"\"
Second Gasp\u00e9 Hospital. We see the first monastery and Augustinian Sisters hospital. Year unknown .
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,3\/2:203<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

Another move<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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In 1964, the monastery had become nearly\nuninhabitable for around 40 nuns. This is what brought on the plans to build\ntheir new home, which welcomed them in 1966[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Around the same time, the Augustinian Sisters had to give up the management of their hospital due to the adoption of the Hospitals Act<\/em> in 1962, which \u201cmade way for the creation of corporations independent from religious communities for the management of hospitals\u201d [19]<\/a> In 1964, the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9 became a true medical centre devoted to caring for the entire Gasp\u00e9sie population[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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\u00a0A nursing school was also built alongside the monastery, and opened its doors in 1968. The school was quickly integrated with the C\u00e9gep de la Gasp\u00e9sie, also established in 1968.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Construction of the current hospital\nbegan on August 5, 1969. It officially opened its doors on November 22, 1972,\nunder the name Centre Hospitalier de Gasp\u00e9. Today, it admits over 15,000 people\nevery year through its emergency room. The Sanatorium Ross now houses a\nministerial call centre, a CHSLD, and for another few years, the hospital\u2019s\npsychiatry department[21]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Second
Second Augustinian Sisters monastery in Gasp\u00e9, located near the Southwest Basin.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,5\/2:20<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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A pioneering heritage<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Although the buildings that housed the first monastery and hospital no longer exist today, their mark is still quite present. The second monastery was reconverted into a nursing home in 1995, called Manoir St-Augustin. Also, a good portion of the land was sold, and is now part of the Parc Industriel des Augustines, where several industrial and para-industrial companies have settled[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Beyond inspiring the names of places\nthat still exist today, the Gasp\u00e9 Augustinian Sisters were the pioneers of\nhealth care in the Gasp\u00e9sie area. A deep sense of duty was necessary to embark\non such a big adventure. The sisters left their monastery in Qu\u00e9bec and traveled\nhundreds of kilometers to ensure their new home was inhabitable, on top of\nmaking it adequate to care for the sick. Still today, access to health care is\nan important issue in areas far from urban centres, but it is clear that the\nAugustinian Sisters played a pioneering role in Gasp\u00e9sie.
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"M\u00e8re
Mother Marie-de-l’Incarnation (Marie-Louise Cantin), sitting behind a large desk. Unknown year.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9
(HDG-G1-M1,1\/2:4<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n
\n\n\n
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[1]<\/a> Paul Lemieux, \u201cLe \u2018Tour de la Gasp\u00e9sie\u2019 a 86 ans\u201d, Graffici.ca<\/em> [online<\/a>], accessed August 9, 2019.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[2]<\/a>\nMgr Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross \u201cLes Religieuses Hospitali\u00e8res de la Mis\u00e9ricorde de\nJ\u00e9sus \u00e0 Gasp\u00e9\u201d, letter from 1927, published in Revue d\u2019histoire et de\ntraditions populaires de la Gasp\u00e9sie : Les 50 ans de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9<\/em>,\nApril-June-July-September 1976, no <\/sup>54-55, p. 72.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[3]<\/a> Mgr Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross \u201cLes Religieuses Hospitali\u00e8res de\nla Mis\u00e9ricorde de J\u00e9sus \u00e0 Gasp\u00e9\u201d, letter from 1927, published in Revue\nd\u2019histoire et de traditions populaires de la Gasp\u00e9sie : Les 50 ans de\nl\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Gasp\u00e9<\/em>, April-June-July-September 1976, no <\/sup>54-55,\np. 72.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[4]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 561.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[5]<\/a>\nMgr Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 74.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[6]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 72.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[7]<\/a>\nMgr Paul Joncas, \u201cMgr F.-X. Ross, le premier fondateur de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu\u201d, Revue\nd\u2019histoire\u2026<\/em>, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 81.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[8]<\/a>\nLaurette Arsenault, \u201cLes fondatrices\u201d, Revue d\u2019histoire\u2026<\/em>, op. cit.<\/em>,\np. 90-92.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[9]<\/a>\nMgr Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier Ross, letter from August 19, 1926, quoted in Mgr Paul\nJoncas, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 81-82.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[10]<\/a>\nMgr Paul Joncas, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 82.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[11]<\/a> Exerpt from a mandate by Mgr F.-X.\nRoss, erecting the Augustinian Sisters\u2019 monastery in Gasp\u00e9 (No 320) <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

December\n8, 1926, p. 349-350, quoted in Laurette Arsenault, op. cit.<\/em>,\np. 91.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[12]<\/a>\nF\u00e9lonise St-Pierre, Petites notes sur les premiers temps de notre fondation,<\/em>\nRevue d\u2019histoire\u2026<\/em>, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 98. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[13]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 99.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[14]<\/a>\nMgr Paul Joncas, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 84.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[15]<\/a>\nMarc Desjardins et al.<\/em>, op. cit.<\/em>, p. 588.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[16]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 588.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[17]<\/a>\nAng\u00e8le B\u00e9langer, \u201cLes Augustines et le soin des tuberculeux\u201d, Revue d\u2019histoire\u2026<\/em>,\np. 193.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[18]<\/a>\nOdilon Cotton, 50 ans de service m\u00e9dico-chirurgical<\/em>, Revue\nd\u2019histoire\u2026,<\/em> p. 164.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[19]<\/a>\nVincent Lemieux, Le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 au Qu\u00e9bec : organisations, acteurs\net enjeux<\/em>, Qu\u00e9bec, Presses de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Laval, 2003, p. 16.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[20]<\/a> Yvonne Richard, \u201cL\u2019administration religieuse : 50 ans\nde vie hospitali\u00e8re pour les Augustines de la Mis\u00e9ricorde de J\u00e9sus\u201d, Revue\nd\u2019histoire\u2026<\/em>, p. 143.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[21]<\/a> \u201cUne unit\u00e9 de sant\u00e9 mentale \u00e0 l\u2019H\u00f4pital de Gasp\u00e9\u201d, Radio-Canada<\/em>,\n[online:\nhttps:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/1220388\/psychiatrie-soins-sante-mentale-gaspesie<\/a>], Accessed\nAugust 9, 2019.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[22]<\/a> Urban masterplan No<\/sup> 1155-11, Ville de Gasp\u00e9<\/em>,\n2011.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"When it’s time to travel, some people decide to explore Quebec and the wonderful scenery of its different regions. You don\u2019t need to travel far for an adventure, whether it\u2019s with your significant other, friends, or entire family. 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