{"id":5334,"date":"2019-08-06T20:22:42","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T00:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/non-classifiee\/hopital-general-de-quebec-stabilizing-a-perimeter-from-the-past\/"},"modified":"2019-09-11T19:45:53","modified_gmt":"2019-09-11T23:45:53","slug":"hopital-general-de-quebec-stabilizing-a-perimeter-from-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/en\/culture-2\/hopital-general-de-quebec-stabilizing-a-perimeter-from-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec: Stabilizing a Perimeter from the Past"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

In honour of Archeology Month 2019, Le Monast\u00e8re des Augustines would like to introduce you to a construction site which is the object of heightened archeological vigilance: the H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n

The site, where the extensive work is taking place, has a high prehistoric archeological potential. Furthermore, the active Euro-Canadian occupation, which started in 1619, justifies the presence of an archeologist during the excavation process. Located in Qu\u00e9bec\u2019s Lower Town, the wall around the H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec is being restored. The wall runs along the rue des Commissaires West, and is 278.5 m long, 3.5 m high on average, and 600 mm thick. What was its original use, and why is it important from a heritage perspective? What is the project, estimated at $2,599,797, all about, and why was it undertaken? Find out here. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"L'h\u00f4pital
The H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec, in 1867. We see the south wall.
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec (HG-A-26.23.3.1.2<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

In the beginning<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

We find the reason behind these visual barriers\nin the solemn vows taken by the nuns before 1965. Three wishes (chastity,\npoverty, and obedience), which were respected in perpetual cloister. The\ncloister defined the area where the sisters should neither be seen nor heard by\nthe outside world, other than in visiting rooms, where a grating separated the\nnun from her visitor:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cThe absolute cloister includes all the monastery\u2019s regular locations: the choir, community room, noviciate room, dormitories and cells, kitchen; all the indoor areas like the basements, attics, etc., and outdoor areas, like the garden surrounded by a cloister wall[1]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n

The Mother superior had to obtain a special permission from the bishop to admit people from the outside, whose services were necessary, into the cloister.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"V\u0153ux
Temporary vows of Sister Marie-Rose-Laurette L\u00e9vesque, 1964.
Fonds Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec (HG-A-14.285)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Furthermore, \u201cthe cloister wall will be twelve or fifteen feet tall; trellis can be put against the walls, but we should be wary of planting trees near it, as their height and strength may prove to break the cloister[2]<\/a>\u201d. The height of the wall and the trees that rose above it helped hide the view the population would have had into the community\u2019s building windows and gardens, as \u201cit is prohibited for the sisters to come close enough to the windows that they may be recognized by people outside the cloister. It is also prohibited to speak or make signs at them through the windows[3]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

In 1965, the Second Vatican Council abolished the cloister, putting an end to the ancient practice. The wall is therefore important from a heritage perspective, as it is the only visible outside trace of the convent cloister. It is also part of historical site classified in 1977 in virtue of the Loi sur le patrimoine culturel<\/a> (\u201ccultural heritage law\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"V\u0153ux
Perpetual vows of Sister Marie-Rose-Laurette L\u00e9vesque, 1969. In 1965, the Second Vatican Council abolished the cloister, putting an end to an ancestral religious practice.
Fonds Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec (HG-A-14.285)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

The situation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

A wooden wall was first erected as soon as the R\u00e9collets buildings and land were acquired by Monseigneur de Saint-Vallier in 1692. The garden walls, made from round cedar wood stakes, were apparently dismantled during war time, before being reconstructed only at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century[4]<\/a>. Fires near the monastery destroyed its wooden fences, which led to favor stone as a material in the middle of the 19th<\/sup> century. In February 2016, an evaluation of the state of the wall was undertaken, and the urgent need for an intervention observed. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Vue
Overhead view of the southwestern side of the monastery, 1937. Photography: W. B. Edwards.
Fonds Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec (HG-A-26.22.11.1.3<\/a>)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

The goal of the reconstruction work is to secure the location and avoid any\nunfortunate incidents. The outdoor structure, which is of a venerable age,\npresents marked signs of deterioration, such as the tops of the walls tilting\ninward on the southern portion, and outward on western portion. Humidity in the\nmasonry, combined with degradation of the mortar, led to the presence of\ncracks, and the detachment of a few masonry elements. Some of the buttresses\nused to solidify the structure have detached from the wall, no longer fulfilling\ntheir role.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Mur
Outer face of the wall. Dislocation of the lower part of buttress S-5, displacing of the upper portion of the buttress, and wall spillage. Photo: M\u00e9lanie Tremblay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

An engineering consulting firm specializing in the restoration of\nheritage buildings was mandated by the Saint-Augustin monastery to produce an evaluation\nof the scope of work needed and costs it would entail, as well as to prepare\nthe necessary plans and quotes. As a first step, the engineers carried out\nvisual and laser surveys. They also planned geotechnical surveys and\nexploratory openings, which helped them learn more about the state of the different\ncomponents.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

A geotechnical study<\/a> was undertaken on four predetermined areas in August 2016. These major excavations, carried out on the northern side of the wall, were documented by an archeologist on location. No artifacts were found, but a stone vestige was discovered in the southern part of the wall, near the garden house. More detailed documentation and a deeper dig would allow to identify the vestige and possibly link it to the foundations of an old barn and stable dating back to 1739[5]<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"Face
Outer face of the wall. Dislocation of buttress S-2 and absence of contact between the elements. Photo: M\u00e9lanie Tremblay.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Financing and undertaking the work<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

After carrying out the studies, plans and quotes were produced, and the\nfinal cost of the project determined. A grant request to the Fonds des Petites Collectivit\u00e9s<\/em>, under\nthe Infrastructure collectives <\/em>section,\nwas sent in March 2017. The Notre-Dame-des-Anges parish, recognized as a\nmunicipality, cannot collect land taxes because the monastery and accommodation\ncentre are exempt from tax payment in virtue of article 204 of the law on\nmunicipal taxation[6]<\/a>.\nThe Augustinian Sisters do not benefit from any incoming funds to compensate\nthe expenses linked to maintaining property assets, and could not have financed\nthe project on their own. In May 2018, the Saint-Augustin monastery\u2019s superior\nreceived confirmation of a $2,599,797 grant split into three equal parts\nbetween the provincial and federal governments, as well as the\nNotre-Dame-des-Anges municipality. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

WSP, Boundary wall and masonry work: typical cross sections, March 27, 2019, leaflet no 08.
\u00a9Monast\u00e8re Saint-Augustin<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

The next step was a request for proposals (a call for tenders) from\ncontractors specializing in this type of work, and then selecting the\ncontractor whose submission was the lowest while being compliant. Many steps\nhappened simultaneously, but here is a summary of how the project is being\ncarried out. It all started with cutting down and clearing the stumps of the\ntrees along the outer side of the wall. The poplars needed to be removed, as\nthey presented signs of weakening according to the City of Qu\u00e9bec. Oak trees\nwith a similar appearance will be planted towards the end of the project. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"D\u00e9molition
Demolition (axes 0 to 35)
WSP, Visit report, May 2, 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

\n \n \n\n \n \nSome of the more damaged parts of the wall\nhad to be demolished. The foundations were then redone using reinforced\nconcrete. The part above ground was reconstructed with materials \u201csimilar to\nthe original ones, like stone rubble and a squared limestone facing[7]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \nWhere the structure is still viable, the\nsiding is restored by emptying the joints and removing individual stones. A\npartial excavation is performed to restore part of the masonry which touches\nthe ground. Disassembly is carried out in a sequential manner for safety, as\nwell as to preserve the wall\u2019s authenticity. Shoring allows to hold the\nstructure in place when large spaces are created in the reworked surface.\nCertain stones are salvaged, and other new ones are rejointed, followed by a moist\ncure to allow the mortar to solidify slowly and avoid cracks. Eventually, things\nwill be finalized by cleaning everything up to inspect the quality of the work.\n\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
\"\"
Shoring and single stone replacement (axes 35 to 95)
WSP, Visit report, May 14, 2019 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Archeological discoveries to come<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

The goal is to first finish work on the southern portion of the wall, up\nuntil the ossuary on the western wall. The project will be suspended around\nOctober 2019, to be continued in summer 2020, when the remaining western portion\nwill be completed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

On average, over 15 workers have been working daily on the different restoration operations, not to mention the presence of an archeologist on site. While awaiting his observations, the City of Qu\u00e9bec offered guided tours\u2014during Archeology Month<\/a>\u2014of the exploratory excavations around the grounds of the H\u00f4pital general. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

The author would like to thank Ms. M\u00e9lanie\nTremblay, engineer, and director of buildings and material resources for the\nF\u00e9d\u00e9ration des Augustines, as well as Mr. \u00c9ric Therrien, engineer and team\nleader \u2013 Heritage projects at WSP, for their precious and generous help writing\nthis article.  <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

To find out more, please visit the H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec monastery\u2019s website<\/a>.
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

***<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[1]<\/a>\nR\u00e8glements des religieuses hospitali\u00e8res de la mis\u00e9ricorde de J\u00e9sus \u2013 Monast\u00e8re\nNotre Dame des Anges, H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec, Chapter V : De la cl\u00f4ture,\nArticle 1 : De la cl\u00f4ture absolue, point 2, p. 26. HG-A-13.12.1.3.1. \u00a9 Monast\u00e8re\ndes Augustines Archives, Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de\nQu\u00e9bec Fonds.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[2]<\/a>\nR\u00e8glements des religieuses hospitali\u00e8res de la mis\u00e9ricorde de J\u00e9sus \u2013 Monast\u00e8re\nNotre Dame des Anges, H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec, Chapter V : De la cl\u00f4ture,\nArticle 1 : De la cl\u00f4ture absolue, point 1, p. 26. HG-A-13.12.1.3.1. \u00a9 Monast\u00e8re\ndes Augustines Archives, Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de\nQu\u00e9bec Fonds.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[3]<\/a>\nR\u00e8glements des religieuses hospitali\u00e8res de la mis\u00e9ricorde de J\u00e9sus \u2013 Monast\u00e8re\nNotre Dame des Anges, H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec, Chapter XVI : R\u00e8glements communs\n\u00e0 toutes les religieuses, Article 7, 1903, p. 143. HG-A-13.12.1.1.3. \u00a9 Monast\u00e8re\ndes Augustines Archives, Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec\nFonds.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[4]<\/a>\nS\u0153ur H\u00e9l\u00e8ne O\u2019Reilly said de Saint-F\u00e9lix, Monseigneur\nde Saint-Vallier et l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, C. Darveau, 1882,\np. 370-371<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[5]<\/a> Artefactuel, Sondages exploratoires \u2013 Mur d\u2019enceinte au Monast\u00e8re Saint-Augustin, Site\nde l\u2019H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec, CeEt-600 -Interventions arch\u00e9ologiques 2016<\/em>, f\u00e9vrier 2017, p. 46. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[6]<\/a>\nM\u00e9lanie Tremblay, Fonds des Petites\nCollectivit\u00e9s (FPC) \u2013 Infrastructure collective, formulaire de pr\u00e9sentation\nd\u2019une demande d\u2019aide financi\u00e8re<\/em>, January 8, 2018, p. 7. \u00a9\nMonast\u00e8re Saint-Augustin.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[7]<\/a> Ibid.<\/em>, p. 2. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"In honour of Archeology Month 2019, Le Monast\u00e8re des Augustines would like to introduce you to a construction site which is the object of heightened archeological vigilance: the H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"authors":[156],"class_list":["post-5334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-2","authors-audrey-julien"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec: Stabilizing a Perimeter from the Past - Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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