{"id":5306,"date":"2019-05-10T13:44:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T17:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/non-classifiee\/the-children-of-the-tour\/"},"modified":"2019-06-05T18:54:06","modified_gmt":"2019-06-05T22:54:06","slug":"the-children-of-the-tour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/en\/culture-2\/the-children-of-the-tour\/","title":{"rendered":"The Children of the “Tour”"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

As part of a traineeship project for her Bachelor’s Degree in Historical Science and Heritage studies at Universit\u00e9 Laval, Farah Verret had the opportunity to work with the \u201cFonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s\u201d at the archives centre of Le Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/a>. The Fund includes records, notes, correspondence and extracts from parish registers. With a goal to “understand and share the Fund,” Verret scanned 600 notes and literally transcribed 515 of these documents in anticipation of their possible release online. She wrote this article about “The Children of the Tour” as part of her internship experience at the archives centre<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n
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The monastery door and the tour<\/em> of the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec monastery.
Photo Livernois, 1927. (HDQ-F1-N1,2_13_8)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

Most\nvisitors to Le Monast\u00e8re des Augustines\u2019 museum have passed by the \u201ctour[1]<\/a>\u201d\ndoor. It was often seen as the cloister\u2019s symbol, enabling the nuns to manage\nvisitors and collect donations left by outside citizens for the community.\nPeople also left mail and other items for the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec monastery\u2019s\nnuns. In a way, the tour provided a restricted exchange with the outside world,\nwhile respecting the monastery\u2019s space, which was reserved for the nuns. This\nlarge cylindrical wood design was equipped with a rotating mechanism, so\noutsiders could deposit items without seeing the nuns.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

In\naddition to this kind of \u201cnormal\u201d use, the H\u00f4tel-Dieu monastery tour in Qu\u00e9bec\nCity was also used during a little-known period in the city\u2019s history: the\nabandonment of children during the 19th century. In fact, between 1801 and\n1845, the Augustinian Sisters took in nearly 1400 children abandoned in the tour\nand looked after placing them with foster families. From the moment a baby was left\nin the tour, the nuns took responsibility for the child until it was finally\nplaced with a family. Let’s take a closer look at this remarkable time in the\nhistory of the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Why take care of abandoned children?<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

At\nthe beginning of the 19th century, Qu\u00e9bec City was an important port where the\npopulation was constantly changing. It is said that economic vitality also\ncaused a loose of morals; demographic data reveals an increase in the number of\nchildren abandoned by their parents. There were many reasons for abandonment. Sometimes\nthe mother was a young girl. Other times, it was due to \u201cillegitimate\u201d unions\nor a lack of financial resources, etc. The influence of the Catholic religion\nand its conjugal morality ensured that unwanted pregnancies were often hidden. The\nprovincial government at the time stated that it was very concerned about these\nsocial practices; newborns were left in public places, such as church benches,\nin baskets or even in the streets.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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This\nsituation forced the authorities to ask for the Augustinian congregation\u2019s help\nin taking in children without families. The nuns were initially reluctant to fulfill\nthis request, as their primary purpose was to provide care for the sick and to\nrespect their religious vows. On the other hand, they considered that because\nof the government\u2019s financial support, they would willingly accept, in particular\ndue to “humanitarian concern.” Sister Saint-Fran\u00e7ois, the Mother Superior\nat the time, decided to accept the Government of Lower Canada\u2019s request and to\nrescue these children entrusted to them. On March 3, 1801 she wrote, “through\nthis we will keep many small creatures alive that perish every day for lack of\npeople who care for them… we could give them a Christian education that would\nprovide them with morality and which would undoubtedly contribute to the\nsalvation of many.[3]<\/a>”\nIt was through this perspective that the nuns opened their arms to these\nneglected children.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Nature of the agreement<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The agreement struck with the authorities included the government’s coverage of childcare costs and the hiring of a secular woman who was primarily responsible for taking care of children for a certain period of time. They began to collect the unfortunate children within the monastery tour. The tour was equipped with a bell that was used to notify the Touri\u00e8re sister that something was just left behind. In some cases, it was a child, who was taken and quickly baptized, if it had not already been done, and brought to the hospital. After this stage, the children were placed with a nanny, generally in the countryside. These children, usually very young, were sometimes provided with notes left by the parents or by their parish priest. The notes contained various information; sometimes it\u2019s a letter that explain the reasons for abandonment. Other times, only the child\u2019s name with a request for baptism was indicated. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
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Abandoned child note with ribbon, November 3, 1818
Fonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s
(HDQ-F3-B1\/1:33)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The notes of abandoned children<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

Because of the Augustinian\u2019s great concern for record keeping, notes<\/a> and correspondence about abandoned children were kept. All were numbered for convenience, and there were two main types of notes. The first were notes received at the same time as children. These were usually produced by parents, a doctor or a priest. There were notes that indicated the reason for abandoning the child. For example, in note 123, it indicated that “the father is absent from the country and has abandoned his wife […] and the mother and grandmother live together in great poverty and distress.”[4]<\/a> Other notes promise that the child will be re-claimed when the parents\u2019 conditions are adequate. Note 7, dated November 28, 1814, bears witness to such a situation. It reads that “the mother of the child\u2019s intention is to recover and will return when that time comes. I pray that this dear child is surrendered to no one but the one who will make a request of such in writing.[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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The\nsecond type of note was written by the children\u2019s parish priest. When the\nchildren were received, the nuns made sure that the children were baptized. A\nnote written by Sister Saint-Pierre, dated March 15, 1822, testifies to the\nimportance given to baptism. She wrote: “Sir, we do not find the baptism\nof Pierre H\u00e9bert in the parish, which gives me great anxiety.[6]<\/a>”\nOn the same note, a priest confirms a baptism on March 28, 1822. Other notes\npresent a request for the child. For example, in 362, priest Louis-Antoine\nMontminy mentioned that “Charles Drouin still wants to have one of the\nchildren left behind, if possible.” Note also that a good number of notes\nare excerpts from the Registery of Baptisms and Burials.\n \n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
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Excerpt from the Baptism Registry, November 25, 1829
Fonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s (HDQ-F3-B1\/1:494)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The role of the nanny and government<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Under\nthe nuns\u2019 strict supervision, the children were handed over to nannies that lived\nin the villages surrounding Qu\u00e9bec City. The Mother Superior of the community reserved\nthe right to investigate women and referred to the parish priest’s recommendations\nto ensure the children\u2019s safety and well-being. The government paid the\norphan’s subsidy to the hospital, which administered it. This usually included\na small amount of money and the provision of a few items, consisting mostly of\nclothing. The children lived there for about 18 months and were only removed by\ngovernment commissioners who then placed them with their new families.\n \n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Excerpt from a registry of commision children, the nanny and parishes, January 1, 1820
Fonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s (HDQ-F3-C1\/1:2)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The\nage at which children were placed with their family fluctuated through time.\nChildren born between 1828 and 1845 were adopted or placed only after\ncelebrating their fifth birthday. Before 1828, the average age was 10 or 11. On\nFebruary 18, 1824, Sister Saint-Ambroise wrote to the parish priest of\nSainte-Marie-de-Beauce asking for help to find adoptive families for the\nchildren left in her care. The letter reflects the nuns\u2019 concern about their\nlittle prot\u00e9g\u00e9s\u2019 placement. Sister Saint-Ambroise asked to “help you place\nthose children currently boarded in your parish in a free and adoptive way into\nhonest families. It is too difficult for those of a tender age and it is\npossible for those who are 6, 7 or 8 years old.[7]<\/a>\u201d\nThe nuns insisted on the importance of raising children in families intending to\nwelcome them as their own.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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\n \nIn 1808, in order to facilitate placement, the\ngovernment decided to appoint commissioners whose task was to place children of\n“suitable age” as apprentices with craftsmen or as domestic servants\nin private homes. The government instituted “contracts of commitment and\nlearning.” These contracts bound the child until he or she was 21 years of\nage[8]<\/a>.\n\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
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Document legalizing the adoption of Marie-Catherine McPherland, July 5, 1824
Fonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s (HDQ-F3-A1\/2 :5)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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End of the practice at H\u00f4tel-Dieu <\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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By\n1835, the nuns faced serious financial problems. The government gradually decreased\nsubsidies for childcare, which affected the hospital’s budget. Each year, the\nnuns had to insist and negotiate firmly in order to receive a minimum of funds\nnecessary to operate this public service, as they could not bring themselves to\nabandon this mission. On February 12, 1845, Sister Saint-Pierre, the depositary\nof the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec, learned from the Mayor of Qu\u00e9bec City, Ren\u00e9\n\u00c9douard Caron, that the grants had been abolished definitively. From that\nmoment, the tour had to close its door to the children, since the service was\nnot viable without the government\u2019s financial support. Marie Providence was the\nlast child admitted to the tour on April 16, 1845. By 1850, the last children\nadmitted were all placed with families[9]<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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The\nsecond half of the 19th century was marked by a certain standardization of care\nfor abandoned children. In both Qu\u00e9bec City and Montr\u00e9al, nurseries and\nhospices were opened to meet the needs of care for the vulnerable. The Sisters\nof Charity of Montreal founded a community in Qu\u00e9bec City and opened an\norphanage in 1849, changing the way abandoned children were handled. In a\ncertain way, the Augustinian Sisters of the H\u00f4tel-Dieu passed the torch and,\nwith the commissioners\u2019 permission, they gave the community the tools relating\nto abandoned children in order to continue the work started at the H\u00f4tel-Dieu.\nIt should be noted, however, that the Augustinian Sisters from the H\u00f4tel-Dieu du\nSacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur, located in the Saint-Sauveur district of Qu\u00e9bec City, also worked\nwith children; they welcomed over 9,600 children between 1872 and 1929.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n
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Marie Providence\u2019s entry note, April 16, 1845
Fonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s (HDQ-F3-B1\/1)
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
\n

***<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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In all, 532\nchildren found a new family thanks to the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec\u2019s Augustinian\ncommunity. It should also be noted that 7% of the children left at the tour\nwere returned to their parents. However, of the 1,400 children left behind in\nthe H\u00f4tel-Dieu monastery\u2019s tour, more than half died in infancy. The important\ncollaboration with the community helped meet a crying need in society of that\ntime, and Augustinians archives bear witness to the significant and concrete\nactions that were put in place to provide support to families in need. In\nshort, the monastery\u2019s tour has served the well-being of society, even if that\nwas not the purpose for which it was originally intended.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Farah Verret<\/strong>
Intern at the Centre d\u2019archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Text reviewed by Sara B\u00e9langer and Hugues St-Pierre
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\n\n\n
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[1]<\/a> In a literal translation, it means tower<\/em> in English. Sometimes, it can be called turn<\/em>, or even found wheel .<\/em> [Editor\u2019s note]<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Claude Kaufholtz-Couture, Biographies\ndes enfants abandonn\u00e9s du tour de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec entre 1800 et 1845<\/em>,\nResearch report, Qu\u00e9bec, 2014, p. 19.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[3]<\/a> \u00ab [Que] par l\u00e0 nous conserverons la\nvie \u00e0 bien des petites cr\u00e9atures qui p\u00e9rissent tous les jours faute de\npersonnes qui en prennent soin [\u2026] que nous pourrions leur donner une\n\u00e9ducation chr\u00e9tienne qui les formerait aux bonnes m\u0153urs et qui contribuerait\nsans doute au salut de plusieurs. \u00bb Lettre de S\u0153ur Saint-Fran\u00e7ois,\n3 mars 1801, Qu\u00e9bec, Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines. HDQ-F3-A1\/1.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[4]<\/a> \u00ab [Le] p\u00e8re est absent du pays et a\nabandonn\u00e9 sa femme [\u2026] et la m\u00e8re et grand-m\u00e8re vivent ensemble en grande\npauvret\u00e9 et d\u00e9tresse. \u00bb Billet d\u2019enfant abandonn\u00e9, mai 1822,\nQu\u00e9bec, Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines, traduction libre,\nHDQ-F3-B1\/1 :123.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[5]<\/a> \u00ab [L]\u2019intention de la m\u00e8re de la [l\u2019enfant] ravoir et quand se tems\nla ser\u00e0 venut, je prie que cette Chere Enfant se soye livr\u00e9 \u00e0 aucune personne\nque celui qui produira un requisition a se sujet qui ser\u00e0 de pareille \u00e9criture\nque celle s\u2019y. \u00bb  Billet d\u2019enfant abandonn\u00e9, 28 novembre 1814, Qu\u00e9bec,\nArchives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines, HDQ-F3-B1\/1 :7.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[6]<\/a> \u00ab Monsieur, on ne trouve pas \u00e0 la paroisse le bapt\u00eame de Pierre\nH\u00e9bert, ce qui me donne de grandes inqui\u00e9tudes. \u00bb Note de s\u0153ur\nSaint-Pierre, 15 mars 1822, Qu\u00e9bec, Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines,\nHDQ-F3-B1\/1 :110.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[7]<\/a> \u00ab [\u2026] assister de vos soins \u00e0 l\u2019effet de\nplacer d\u2019une mani\u00e8re gratuite et adoptive dans des familles honn\u00eates ceux de\nces enfants se trouvent actuellement en pension dans votre paroisse. Si la\nchose trouve trop de difficult\u00e9 pour ceux d\u2019un \u00e2ge encore trop tendre et\nqu\u2019elle soit possible pour ceux qui ont 6, 7 ou 8 ans. \u00bb Lettre de s\u0153ur Saint-Ambroise, 18\nf\u00e9vrier 1824, Qu\u00e9bec, Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines, HDQ-F3-A1\/1.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[8]<\/a> Ren\u00e9e Joyal, L\u2019\u00e9volution de la protection de l\u2019enfance au Qu\u00e9bec : des origines\n\u00e0 nos jours<\/em>, Sainte-Foy, Presses de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, 2000, p. 22.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

[9]<\/a> Claude Kaufholtz-Couture, Biographies\ndes enfants abandonn\u00e9s du tour de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec entre 1800 et 1845<\/em>,\nResearch report, Qu\u00e9bec, 2014, p. 55-61.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As part of a traineeship project for her Bachelor’s Degree in Historical Science and Heritage studies at Universit\u00e9 Laval, Farah Verret had the opportunity to work with the \u201cFonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s\u201d at the archives centre of Le Monast\u00e8re des Augustines. The Fund includes records, notes, correspondence and extracts from parish registers. With a goal to […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5307,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"authors":[171],"class_list":["post-5306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-2","authors-f-verret"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Children of the "Tour" - Monast\u00e8re des Augustines<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/en\/culture-2\/the-children-of-the-tour\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Children of the "Tour" - Monast\u00e8re des Augustines\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As part of a traineeship project for her Bachelor’s Degree in Historical Science and Heritage studies at Universit\u00e9 Laval, Farah Verret had the opportunity to work with the \u201cFonds Enfants abandonn\u00e9s\u201d at the archives centre of Le Monast\u00e8re des Augustines. 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