{"id":5206,"date":"2018-10-03T18:00:44","date_gmt":"2018-10-03T22:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/non-classifiee\/spanish-flu-providing-care-during-a-pandemic\/"},"modified":"2018-10-24T21:43:05","modified_gmt":"2018-10-25T01:43:05","slug":"spanish-flu-providing-care-during-a-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monastere.ca\/en\/culture-2\/spanish-flu-providing-care-during-a-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"Spanish Flu: Providing Care During a Pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Caring for the poor at a time when many diseases could spread rapidly and turn into epidemics carried was highly risky for nuns. Tuberculosis, for example, was one of the most devastating infections at the turn of the 20th century. Self-sacrifice took on a whole new meaning for nuns who, while trying to relieve sick people\u2019s suffering, sometimes lost their own lives. At the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Quebec alone, there were three nuns in 1896, six in 1900 and two in 1901 to succumb to the disease. However, the influenza of 1918, known as “Spanish Flu,” took the Augustinians of Qu\u00e9bec City by surprise.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Saint-Michel room, intended for male patients, around 1917.
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l’H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The Spanish Flu<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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In 1918, the last major epidemic, the Spanish Flu, wreaked havoc across Qu\u00e9bec and Canada. There were 50,000 deaths related to this pandemic in the country, while this number rose to about 200 million worldwide[1]<\/a>. The second wave of the Spanish flu hit Qu\u00e9bec City in mid-October 1918, taking an average of 40 people a day during its first week. Theaters, schools, taverns and even churches were closed for three weeks. Business operated on a reduced schedule.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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The Augustinians managed to survive a good part of the crisis, despite being ignorant of the causes of and remedies against the disease. The economic crisis following the First World War was also felt: there were not enough means to provide optimal to everyone. The various vaccines, remedies and isolation techniques (quarantine) were of little or no effect. The three monastery-hospitals were mobilized to fight this epidemic, but soon, these hospitals\u2019 premises were no longer adequate.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Pr\u00e9cieux-Sang room, intended for male patients
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l’H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The nuns were not spared<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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During this episode, 58 of the 138 Augustinians in the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec suffered from this disease. Only one died, but three more<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Augustinians weakened by the virus died later from this infection; they contracted tuberculosis that was fatal to them.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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As for the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Quebec, 28 \u201cnovice and young professed\u201d Augustinians fell ill, without any succumbing to the disease. The annals describe an “epidemic called intestinal flu [which] has considerably ravaged the weak.”<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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At the H\u00f4tel-Dieu du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur, the disease was particularly aggressive. At the height of the crisis, there were reports of “nuns who fell ill, several at a time; the infirmary was not enough, the chapter house and then the community room were added.” In this monastery with about 80 nuns, three novices and young professed souls died in the following weeks.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Excerpt from the Annales de l’H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec, 10 juillet 1919.
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l\u2019H\u00f4pital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Selflessness<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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The nuns fatally affected by the disease did not question the usefulness of their role and mission. This is how Sister Saint-Anselme, a few days before her imminent death, was grateful to die in the service of the poor. She expressed this as follows: “I make this sacrifice and above all, I sacrifice my life with all of my heart so that all others can be spared.”<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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For her part, Sister Sainte-Monique, also condemned by the disease, displayed, it is said, an “attitude [which] was that of all her religious life. What peace, what a sweet smile, what patience!\u201d It is perhaps in this final acceptance that the extent of self-sacrifice on the part of the Augustinians manifested itself in the most concrete way.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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 <\/p>\n<\/center>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Group of nuns of the H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec. Sister St. Anselm is the third from the left.
\u00a9 Archives du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines
Fonds du Monast\u00e8re des Augustines de l’H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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 <\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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Improvements in sight<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n
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These times of great stress ultimately contributed to a certain improvement in the living conditions for hospital patients. The night watch, responsible for caring for the sick during the night, had only a slight respite at the very beginning of the First World War (they could get up at 5:10 a.m. instead of 4:00 a.m. like the others). In 1919, the council pushed this time back to around 10:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. On Sundays, they could even wake up at noon. Ten years later, permanent night teams were established to avoid the inconvenience of changing the schedule. It seems the importance of a restful sleep was better understood!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

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References<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Becker Annette. \u201cL’histoire religieuse de la guerre 1914-1918\u201d. In: Revue d’histoire de l’\u00c9glise de France<\/em>, tome 86, n\u00b0217, 2000. Un si\u00e8cle d’histoire du christianisme en France. p. 539-549.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Jean-Charles Fortin. Les soins de sant\u00e9 et l\u2019assistance publique avant 1960<\/a><\/em>, Chaire Fernand-Dumont sur la culture, September 24, 2003.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Fran\u00e7ois Rousseau, La croix et le scalpel : Histoire des Augustines et de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu de Qu\u00e9bec, tome II: 1892-1989<\/em>, Qu\u00e9bec, Les \u00c9ditions du Septentrion, 1994, p.280-282.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Monast\u00e8re des Augustines archives, Lettre annuelle de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu-du-Pr\u00e9cieux-Sang<\/em>, S\u0153ur Marie du Calvaire, December 23, 1918<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Monast\u00e8re des Augustines archives, Lettre annuelle de l\u2019H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec<\/em>, S\u0153ur Saint-Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019Assise, December 16, 1918<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

\n

Monast\u00e8re des Augustines archives, Lettre annuelle de l\u2019H\u00f4tel-Dieu-du-Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur-de-J\u00e9sus<\/em>, S\u0153ur Sainte-Gertrude, December 26, 1918<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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Monast\u00e8re des Augustines archives, Annales de l\u2019H\u00f4pital G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Qu\u00e9bec 1915-1926, <\/em>p. 182-183<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

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[1]<\/a> Research sometimes speaks of between 5 and 100 million deaths, but new data would increase the number to 200 million. (Editor’s Note)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Caring for the poor at a time when many diseases could spread rapidly and turn into epidemics carried was highly risky for nuns. Tuberculosis, for example, was one of the most devastating infections at the turn of the 20th century. 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